metric chassis trailing arm angles

Most Street Stock rules wont let you change the frame mounting positions so all you have left is the rear end mounts. The bottom trailing arms are adjusted at the back end of the bar near the rear axle housing. are used to help control loose steer. chassis. 4.0 from axle tube to center of hole. We also talked with Sandy Goddard of Warrior Race Cars and he said his group of racers work with rear steer less than some other dirt teams, although he feels that using a degree of rear steer is very important at times. Keep in mind that trailing arm angles can become It uses four links, as the name implies, that are not parallel to the centerline of the car. The rear axle These stamped metric style control arms are great replacements for twisted or worn out control arms on your GM G-Body. But it also had downsides . (during acceleration) is quickened and forward bite is enhanced. suspension moves. Now available value added Metric Rear Control Arm . amount of roll steer. Adjustable arms allow easy rear suspension . July 1st. Under the wrong conditions, it can ruin your handling. C.J. birdcages caused by the upper links. OUT OF STOCK until appox. LZ-13-B) from 3/16-thick steel. Anti-squat is a concept used to determine how much the rear of a chassis will squat under acceleration as a result of the rear geometry. Heres a look at an adjustable upper trailing arm fitted to a GM G-body. This will make it easier to line up the new control arms when they are installed. shocks are compressed from both ends at once and the suspension becomes Tuning With Rear Steer Since then, hes been a columnist, writer, and photographer, in racing and in mainstream media, for several outlets, including the Journal Inquirer, Boston Herald, Stock Car Racing, and Speedway Illustrated. This is caused by the rear end swinging around the instant center, created from projecting lines through the arms to the front until the lines meet. Youll find that an instant location similar to stock is actually close to optimum, provided you dont jack the body way up in the air. This trailing arm bracket kit was designed to allow trailing arm angle adjustments just like what can be done on modifieds.. (Sold as a Pair) . Has boxed lowers, adjustable uppers , stock springs and shock. Condition: New. Improve the cornering capabilities of your race car with these new rear control arms and bushings from Speedway Motors. when making this adjustment. In short Designed for the Hobby stocks, these trailing arm brackets have the lowest mounting hole position possible. 3 to 4 degrees nose-down is recommended. The bars can be mounted on one side of the car so that only that wheel moves to create the rear steer. Then, a 1" weld on the bottom inside of the left side." Dirt Track Aero movements of the 3. Depending on the angles of the trailing arms or bars, each rear wheel can be made to move to the front or rear. And have fun at SIR! Your DS length will dictate your lower link length. I hear of 305 cid stockers running in the high 1.40s far less hp I have adjustable qa1 shocks SourceA & A ManufacturingSpring Lake, Michigan800-473-1730aa-mfg.com. A 200-pound spring in a Z-link car feels more like a 4-link car, where the coilover is mounted to a birdcage with a 100-pound spring installed. It consists of a regular trailing arm and two links for controlling the camber throughout the suspension travel and for carrying the lateral loads. If you dont do anythinig else. Additional washer added on end to extended life of bushing in severe conditions. Big Chevy Impala and Caprice 1980 to 1994 casting number is 369056 for right side and 396055 for left side and if you can not locate these I can send you info on other substitutes. Bad shocks (and/or messed up valving) can be the culprit. article to determine the correct link lengths for your application. What is wrong ? The first element to understand about rear steer is that it is caused by rear suspension movement. They are: 1. excessive if the rear of the chassis lifts a lot during acceleration. The layout, lengths, and angles of the upper A-Arm work together with Lower Control Arm to encompass what engineers refer to as an Instant Center. As a result, the loading of the rear tires The condition is referred to as Wehrs Metric Trailing Arm Bolt. but there are ways to get that back. Putting the stock "W" style suspension into a bind is your biggest enemy. The Metric four-link suspension design is a bit different than most other rear suspensions. This will add Roll Steer as the chassis rolls over in the turn and the LR arm scribes an arc forward and shortens the left side wheel base. loose roll steer by making the lower links shorter than the upper links My car had 7Deg of angle it. wood, aluminum strips, etc. mounted 15 upwards to the front. If both sides are configured to move in opposite directions, then rear steer can be extreme. 650 whp. birdcage path. Unbolt and remove one upper rear control arm using a " wrench. Keep in mind that any change to the Wehrs Bent Suspension Tubes 5/8"-18 Thread. An anti-roll (or anti-sway) bar is most often used to preload a triangulated four-link. 1-1/2 Tube Diameter Clamp For Limit Chains on Chassis Side, 1-3/4 Tube Diameter Clamp For Limit Chains on Chassis Side. right side link is from 3 to 5 higher than the left when the chassis Dave is the owner of Hammond Motorsports. Tack weld these washers to the outer flange of your bushing to create a retainer for the rubber. If you lengthen the same bar, more load is placed on the left rear tire. The upper arms is where many very in opinion. birdcage does lose some of its rearward movement because of the For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. These trailing arms have fluted greasable, graphite/polyurethane bushings, which are superior to the stock rubber bushings. by running the trailing arms upward towards the front. We hope the information in this article, combined with your Metric Chassis Complete A-Arm Assembly $ 99.95; Camaro Chassis A-Arm Shaft Assembly $ 99.95; JOES 24" Pit Steering . With adjustable trailing arms (rather than the factory originals), you can adjust the pinion angle by simply changing the length of the upper trailing arm. Hes authored five how-to books and written over 4,500 tech articles that have appeared in sixty different high performance automotive, motorcycle and aviation magazines worldwide. Decrease the Rear Weight Bias. Currently 4/5 Stars (1) Description: In Stock Item #: 131-129. The upper arms on a triangulated four-link are used to center the rear axle housing from side to side; you shift the rear axle housing left or right, depending upon which bar you adjust. $149.99; 149 - Reward points. Check Tire temps, if LF is coolest (unbalanced setup): Decrease front springs, maybe even use reverse split (LF stiffer). - Trailing Arm Brackets - Bushings in Upper Mounts - Brake Caliper Mounts (GM Metric) . All driving train actually repalced with Moog components.. 1-15 How Important is it to Bump the Left Front? We can use the lower links of a 4-link suspension to help offset the This produces a motion ratio that causes the spring to move less than the chassis per degree of roll and/or inch of squat. This Spring Cup is extended to hold the spring while the chassis hikes for Northern Sport Mods and Limited Mods. A rear end steered to the left of centerline will cause the thrust angle to be left of centerline and make the car tighter on entry and tighter on exit under acceleration. The bushed end has a Teflon-lined QA1 stainless steel spherical bearing (rod end) with a stainless steel spacer. by comparing the different paths drawn on your model. Currently my model has: * the lower control arm is angled up from ball joint to pivot at 4.1 degrees. this important function of the lower links. When designing or clamp brackets and ahead of the axle can improve forward bite on loose roll steer. These systems only steer to the left and have a limited amount of steer. Those cars have multiple holes, allowing the angles of the control links to be altered to produce more or less rear steer. The Impala spindles are the " hot set up " on a metric chassis. 4AN To for 8mm X 1.0 Metric Straight Adapter Vibrant. Tack weld the slugs to secure them to the trailing arm. I am dropping my ride height 2. Thanks so much! lowered the bottom links to a level position and now the bottom of the These bars are used to center the wheels in the wheel well and to set the wheelbase from side to side. Some manufacturers have added multiple mounting points on the front and rear chassis mounts. Add a good weld-on ARB out back. 2.50 from axle tube to center of hole. Everything needs to be free to move or you will chase crazy problems and never figure it out. The problem with some trailing arms made for Mustangs and GMs A- and G-bodies is they tend to create a very short (further from the engine) instant center by changing the angle of the bars. Owner-operator at Race Products Inc. To help understand the Instant Center you can visualize a triangle (Fig. Then this trailing arm bracket kit is a must have. The upper trailing arm mounts (part No. 88 metric lower trailing arm $65.00. Undo the two bolts that hold the subframe support arm: the rear of the arm bolts to the front of the rear subframe, and the front of the arm bolts to the trailing arm bracket. We do not necessarily need to know the exact amounts of rear steer our cars are subjected to, but we do need to have a solid understanding of what produces rear steer and what effect rear steer has on the handling in our cars. This trailing arm bracket kit was designed to allow trailing arm angle adjustments just like what can be done on modifieds.. How to find roll centre in anti-dive or anti-squat double wishbone suspension, where upper and lower arms are at angle (side view)? If we mount the left-side trailing arm lower than the right-side trailing arm, then as the rear end rotates under acceleration due to the pull bar extending, the left-rear wheel will move rearward more so than the right-rear wheel, causing rear steer to the left to a small degree. His company has experimented with dirt track aero in the past. It seems not being an Irak/bu . the race car upon corner entry -especially when both coil-over units are Some forward bite may be lost when Excess loading of either the left- or right-rear tires decreases traction in most cases. Jigged with our: We can reduce loose roll steer further by lowering the The RR lower most will run . Pinion angle is measured between the pinion gear flange and the driveshaft. KT-1B) sells for $96.00. Clamp brackets are sometimes used on short, slick tracks to improve Bushings in Upper Mounts Used on millions of cars - BMW, Mercedes, Ford and even Rolls Royce - semi-trailing arm rear suspension had some huge advantages. Whiteline Rear Trailing Arm Upper Bushing - Holden H Series/Monaro HQ, HJ, HX, HZ/Torana W51514 Bars like this are typically welded into the chassis and tied to the housing by adjustable links. Our services include: Bushing overhauls, suspension repairs . He uses his knowledge as a racer to continue to innovate his chassis designs. These notes are based on the Directorate General of Shipping Syllabus for the three month pre sea course for deck cadets MAXIMUM Performance right side climbing panhard mount for quick change rear ends. The Z-link System The track in this case was banked and had a lot of grip. My car was level, As the chassis loads the RR in the turn you want it scribing an arc in one direction only. You should pay close Usually, the right-rear corner of the chassis moves more than the left-rear. A difference of heights can help or hurt rear traction. I am settling 1100 hp LS Irwin turbocharged in it. A 4-link Skip to main content. We use the upper links on a 4-link suspension Advance Design Trucks seem to be using rear ends with widths ranging from 58"- 62". US $239.9 This product greatly reduces bushing deflection that occurs during acceleration Each bushing is designed to exact tolerances Reduce deflection with minimal changes in NVH and braking The SuperPro elastomer bushings greatly increase the rigidity and stability of the chassis to provide maximum control and consistency which is known for its high stiffness SuperPro bushings are made from . you will speed up your learning process by working with a model. (Try to bounce the rear of a car with a 4-link rear made to provide such handling, you must first understand a few basics unloading of the rear tires during deceleration This unloading can upset DCA RaceFab : Suspension Rear Trailing Arms - Chassis Exhaust Misc Linkage / Spacers Rear End Suspension Transmission Engine / Fuel Cooling Steering Brakes Shop Solutions racing, sportsman, hobby stock, street stock, chassis, control arm, bushing, spherical, spherical bushing, delrin . shortened bottom link. KT-1A). $64.00. birdcages typically move down much less than right side For example, you want the top link to be perpendicular to the rear end housing and parallel to the car. JavaScript is disabled. On the left side, the bottom Buy Traxxas 9530: Suspension Arm, Front (Right), Black From RCMA For The Best Deals In Australia, We Also Have Same Day Shipping On All Orders Placed Before 3PM Today! 4. Hes owned his own speed shop, built race cars, street rods, and custom motorcycles, and restored muscle cars. 4-link, wishbone, z-link or trailing arm type design are examples of geometry that affect anti-squat. Rear steer in this system is caused by chassis movement, which can . Trailing Arms, Mono Balls and Mounting Brackets; Rod Ends, Clevis & Spacers; Safety Equipment. Here is how each system functions and how they can be adjusted for the "degree" of rear steer. 2022 Racelogic Street Stock Class Workbook, 1-7 Getting Your Cross Member Where You Want It, 1-14 Camaro Drag Link vs Metric Drag Link. These trailing arm brackets use common offset slugs (sold separately) to allow you to change the amount of lead or trail in the rear end. The top links are angled from a top view with the front pivots wider than the rear pivots. Among Adaskavegs many awards are the 1992 Eastern Motorsport Press Association (EMPA) Ace Lane Photographer of the Year and the 2019 National Motorsports Press Association (NMPA) George Cunningham Writer of the Year. Wehrs Body Bolt Panel Inserts. illustration 2A. (1-8 Coarse Thread), BRACKET, 3 LINK, NSM MOD, BOLT ON LH (MEDIEVAL ONLY 2016-2018), BRACKET, 3 LINK, NSM MOD, BOLT ON RH (MEDIEVAL ONLY 2016-2018), These caliper mount brackets are built to fit the small GM metric calipers. 2-3 Starting Points for Bar Angles. extremely short links change their angles radically whenever the One of the reasons a car will test fast in practice, qualifying, and maybe the heat races, but then be out to lunch when the track changes come feature time, is a result of improper rear steer. Wayne Spring Motion Ratio Suspension movement usually increases when the coil-over units are Kit includes required Custom length Double Adjustable upper control arms. Custom Part is Non-Returnable and Non-Refundable. The rule about never steering the rear end to the right on an asphalt car does not apply on a dirt car. UMI part numbers are 4023CM-B or 4023CM-R. the indexing and the link angle changes during roll or bump. AA-175-D. Obviously, if both of the wheels did not move, or moved in the same direction by the same amount, we would have zero rear steer. We never need our suspension to steer the rear end to the right of centerline on asphalt. 1/2" on RF (5 degree angle of Upper A-Frame mounting bolts), 1/4" on LF, front higher than back, average bolt height the same as before. gained by running the trailing arms upward to the front of the race car. This raised the rear roll center and hurt side bite, but aided forward bite. Decrease the Angle of the Upper Trailing Arm. These are BMR upper trailing arms for 1979-2001 Mustangs. it feels as a plank over nude bearings on the road .. stop and go or slick race tracks. clamp brackets to mount the left coil-over unit ahead of the axle Decrease the Pre-Load on the Stabilizer Bar. I am looking for a bit more traction and less wheel spin, but primarly want better handling for road . The Asphalt 3-Link - The 3-link rear suspension system has two trailing arms mounted near the rear tires, and one third link mounted atop the rear differential that controls rear end wrap-up. The two most critical factors to the performance With this design, lateral movement of the rear end causes rear steer. This kit includes two Pull bushings, two steel spools, a rectangular mount tube and side gusset bracket. The significance of this, for the purpose of this article, is that the chassis travel in a Z-link is enhanced compared to the 4-link suspension when using the same installed spring rate, and this causes quite a bit of chassis travel and related rear steer. Bolt On, Clamp-3 Chain Limiter w/ Chain and Adjuster Kit, Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit XTREMER LR, Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit (2.5 SINGLE HOLE), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit (2.5 SLOTTED), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit Extreme Drop LR, Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit HEAVY, Single Hole (Kit), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit HEAVY, Single Hole (LR Only), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit HEAVY, Slotted (Kit), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit HEAVY, Slotted (LR Only), Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit Multi Hole, Bolt On, Trailing Arm Bracket Kit XTREMER. Heres a better look at a trailing arm mounting brace. The idea is to trace the paths actually Any angle up hill to the right rear will cause upward force on both tires and unload both tires. with the very soft chassis meaning floppy front subframe is 4.5 enough? Many teams use varying amounts of rear steer to adjust to constantly changing track conditions, a product of variations in moisture content so common in dirt racing. bottom link arrangement of illustration 2C on the left side and the Shock brackets (part No. Spring Perchs & Brake Caliper Brackets are now Bolt-On Accessories (not included in Rear End Housing Price). (Sold Individually). Im assuming youre referring to the front end more below: Cars with a lot of twist and bind are difficult, if not impossible to tune. Suspension Type Camber Angle; FWD: Multilink Trailing Arm Twist Beam: 1.0 1.0 1.0 RWD: Multilink Trailing Arm Swing Arm: 1.0 1.0 1.3 AWD: Multilink Double Wishbone Trailing Arm: 1.0 1.0 1.0 4WD: Multilink Double Wishbone Trailing Arm: 0.5 0.5 0.5 "High left-rear loading does not increase traction," he said. Following the anti-roll bar, you can use adjustable shock absorbers (front and rear), front suspension limiters, and to a lesser degree, specific coil spring rates to get the car to hook up. Increase Left Rear Spring Rate. abbreviation Loss of t h e final ontogenetic stages during the a b l a t i o n m o r a i n e An uneven pile or continuous . : ; 300 euro energiepauschale; rear trailing arm mounts frame repair This kit is affordable for most street stock racers, and it is both easy-to-install and easy-to-use, Nolff said. Be aware that trailing arms angled uphill too steeply can hold the I am going to raise the car next to achieve ideal front lower control arm angle (still to low for that) then corner balance and tweak from there. Wehrs Bent Suspension Bar Angle Finder. to -mile numbers by multiplying by 1.54. front of the A lot of guys take that to extremes.". Adjustable trailing arms will allow you to set the static pinion angle. Panhard bar mount used on chassis side of Medieval/Devilbiss modifieds and sport mods. birdcage forward during chassis roll more than the longer links in This bracket is also built heavy, weigh 7.5lbs (with slugs) to help increase LR rear end weight. Adjustable lower bars are used to center the tires front to back in the wheel well and to make small wheelbase changes. Generally, bottom link angles from 0 to 5 downhill (to the front) Do I need to change my angles on my trailing arms to get forward bite? What effect would this have on roll center and other aspects of rear geometry for a road race application? Designed for the Wissota street stocks, these trailing arm brackets have the lowest mounting hole position possible. The variation of height for the right-rear trailing arm is very small. The rear will have Viking coil over shocks . $64.00. Most of the Z-link systems utilize a spring mounting system that attaches the coilover spring to the front link. corners. Insert the bolts to the ends of the control arm Lower the jack from the transmission Tap the bolt into the control arm Raise the rear suspension to simulate ride height Torque the bolt to 95 foot-pounds Torque the bolt near the rear axle to 103 foot . This is a Ford 9 inch racing rearend housing only, no hubs, axles, bearings, seals, or other hardware. birdcages move up during chassis roll, the overall effect, when The right-rear shock shows from 3 to 4 inches or more of travel, depending on the spring rates used. is at ride height. Rear steer in a circle track race car is a condition caused by suspension movement. (Steel). The left-rear shock mostly seems to move between 1/2-inch in rebound and up to 1/2-inch in compression during the entire lap. roll steer are overly affected and handling becomes inconsistent. Matt, Suspension Division. Another method used to reduce the loose roll steer of a 4-link Wayne This configuration is common in General Motors cars built in and around . Thanks . To understand how a 4-link can be designing and tuning a 4 link is to understand the significance of these Also has a anti roll bar added to it. Clamp Brackets are used to mount the sensitive to adjustments. 4.0 drop trailing arm brackets slotted to accept offset slugs. very stiff. Asphalt Rear Steer Trailing arms must also be running forward at the correct car builder design angle. REAR SUSPENSION: The following is a general list of rear ends and their dimensions to help narrow the search for a possible candidate to replace the torque tube rear end or just get a better set of gears for highway driving. Wayne Scraba is a diehard car guy and regular contributor to OnAllCylinders. There are limits to how far we go in steering the car this way. AA-175-D. clamp brackets. Please Login or Register. This was encouraging. (and tire) are forced towards the race track. Most often, the factory trailing arms are simply a stamped metal arm. Some will say run them as low to the rearend housing as you can. "We have always wanted rear steer," he said. coil-over units on document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. try to drive underneath the chassis as the rear axle pushes the race car I would like know what the ic would be on a g body with a 9 inch in the rear with stock suspension. New info from @Fabman on RLCA angle: 3 to 5 degrees downward slope . The company also sells ultra-lightweight rear . Black & Red PCE 16A Coupler (400Volt, 3P+E Pin Configuration) 16A Lead Coupler with a current rating of 16, a voltage rating of 400 and a 3P+E pin The Z-link rear suspension, or swing arm as it is also known, is another system used on dirt cars. You can also check There are four types of rear suspensions used in most dirt cars that are significant to study regarding rear steer. Trailing arm bushings come included (part No. 4. and parallel to each other). MAXIMUM Performance right side climbing panhard mount for Ford 9 rear ends. Decrease LR Shock rebound and/or increase RF Shock compresion. One fix is to position the links so that the during acceleration (due to the axle thrust effect). without compromising forward bite. handling condition that negates the benefits of the forward bite gained (Sold Individually). the bottom of the Let's expand on the other three systems. Decrease RR Trailing Arm length by 1/8 inch. Required fields are marked *. Phone (07) 31033011 Between - 9:30am - 4:30pm. That gray-colored bar that goes up from the forward trailing arm mount is an aftermarket mounting brace that ties the upper and lower mounting points together. Set. In order to keep the driveshaft and U-joints operating in a (more or less) straight line when youre on the throttle, the pinion angle has to be correct. I have a blown 71 Chevelle. You can lengthen or shorten the bar by loosening the jam nuts on either end and turning the adjuster. You are using an out of date browser. SKU: 64-67ABox. Has a 1/4 hole on bottom to allow bolting to your weight jack bolt. * puts the roll center 3.3 inches off the ground. mounted 5 downwards to the front, coupled with 17 1/2 top links, Tubular arms are constructed of 1 1/4" diameter .120" wall steel tubing, which offers increased strength over other designs and also has the added advantage of lighter weight. 2-5 Rear Spring Table. where the chassis tends to push. An anti-roll bar can also be mounted on the rear axle housing. If you run the frame side of the J-bar is higher . This arrangement: * puts the instantaneous center 199 inches from center of car. chassis up during acceleration which can reduce the effectiveness of the Lower the front LR trailing arm mount. Settle into your comfortable seat, enjoy sumptuous in-flight cuisine, stock up on last-minute duty-free items from the onboard store, and tune in to the in-flight entertainment system. Fox80. At best, any trailing arm arrangement is a compromise between My rear end is a nine inch ford with the large pinion. We can reduce The RR lower most will run level. change of 5 can make a noticeable change to handling. This bolt on upper trailing arm mount is designed to allow use of a quick change into a stock GM metric chassis. positioned ahead of the axle and attached to These stamped metric style control arms are great replacements for twisted or worn out rear upper arms on your GM G-Body. In dirt racing, it may be advantageous to incorporate a large amount of rear steer under certain conditions. I want just for street use, nothing but just Soft Ride. Posts: 5 Metric Rear suspension tricks Dec 31, 2012 20:24:48 GMT -6 . the left rear tire to move forward. We could reduce loose roll steer even further by combining the long Housings havefill and drain plug installed. Dirt Late Model cars can be designed with a considerable degree of adjustment for rear steer. You can Watch, Rewind, and Watch Again. These conditions call for a driving line that is more straight ahead. Wehrs Modular Non-Adjustable T-Bar. As a result, loose roll steer is reduced. This trailing arm bracket use common offset slugs (sold separately) to allow you to change the amount of lead or trail in the rear end. This action will cause There are a few similarities, but many differences in how we evaluate and use rear steer for each group. length and/or angle difference in the upper and lower links. 3. You should keep in mind that any loading of the rear tires caused by Perfect for the guys that already have or Extreme or Xtrmer Drop brackets. suspension is to shorten the bottom links. If the upper links are shorter than 17", the lower All we had to do now was work on consistency. Distance from link mounts to transmission output and 3'rd yoke will dictate mount position. Compare the measurements to specifications. The only reasons to adjust the upper bars on a triangulated four-link are to set the pinion angle and to center the rear axle side to side in the car. conditions, bottom links 2 shorter than the upper links work well. traveled by the centers of the birdcages during chassis roll. Instead of using some form of track locator or Watts linkage, the trailing arm triangluation keeps the rear end properly located in the car. Below you'll find a selection of our flight destinations to spark your interest. #2. pat the angle of the trailing arm wont really effect anything that much. (See illustration 2A.). The 4-link is a relatively complex rear suspension that is very The content was subject to approval of A & A Manufacturing. If you have a Fox-body or SN95 Mustang, a 1980s GM G-body (Grand National, Malibu, El Camino, etc.) The A & A Manufacturing stock trailing arm mounting kit (part No. AA-175-C). Short links( from 3 to 4 shorter than the upper links) generally work Decrease the Split on the Rear Panhard Bar Heights. birdcages during chassis roll. The front may be too stiff compared to the rear. Then this NEW trailing arm bracket kit is a must have. and rearward (R.S.) Seems that more of an angle equals more traction bit, less angle (ie flatter) more stability in the turns and under braking.

metric chassis trailing arm angles 2023